The term "cohabitants" as used in section 273.5 means two unrelated persons "living together in a substantial relationship ù one manifested, minimally, by permanence and sexual or amorous intimacy." (People v. Holifield (1988) 205 Cal.App.3d 993, 1000; see People v. Taylor (2004) 118 Cal.App.4th 11, 18; People v. Moore (1996) 44 Cal.App.4th 1323, 1333; CALCRIM No. 840, pp. 600-601.) "The element of 'permanence' in the definition refers only to the underlying 'substantial relationship,' not to the actual living arrangement." (People v. Moore, supra, 44 Cal.App.4th at p. 1334 [concept of "permanence" does not require exclusivity]; see id. at p. 1335 ["for purposes of criminal liability under section 273.5, a defendant may cohabit simultaneously with two or more people at different locations, during the same time frame, if he maintains substantial ongoing relationships with each and lives with each for significant periods"].)
"ection 273.5 requires something more than a platonic, rooming-house arrangement." (People v. Holifield, supra, 205 Cal.App.3d at p. 999.) But it does not require a person hold himself or herself out as "the husband or wife of the person with whom one is cohabiting." (§ 273.5, subd. (b).) Proof of a sexual relationship is not required. (See People v. Ballard (1988) 203 Cal.App.3d 311, 319.) The non-exclusive factors for determining whether people are cohabitating include (1) sexual relations between the parties while sharing the same residence, (2) sharing of income or expenses, (3) joint use or ownership of property, (4) the parties hold themselves out as husband and wife, (5) the continuity of the relationship, and (6) the length of the relationship. (See People v. Holifield, supra, 205 Cal.App.3d at p. 1001; see also CALCRIM No. 840, pp. 600-601.) "The cases addressing the cohabitation element of section 273.5 'have interpreted it broadly, refusing to impose any requirement of a "quasi-marital relationship." ' (People v. Moore (1996) 44 Cal.App.4th 1323, 1333....)" (People v. Belton (2008) 168 Cal.App.4th 432, 437-438.)