| Not all 401(k) plans allow hardship withdrawals or loans. They are allowed by ERISA, but employers are not required to provide them. You will have to dig out that copy of the Summary Plan Description (SPD) that your employer gave you and read it. If you can't find it, ask HR for a copy. The SPD will explain if loans or hardship withdrawals are permitted.
Remember, if you are allowed to take a hardship withdrawal, you will have to pay ordinary income tax plus, unless you are over an age limit, a 10% early withdrawal penalty on the withdrawn amount. For example, if you withdraw $10,000 when your marginal tax rate is 27%, you will owe $2700 in federal income tax plus $1000 in penalties. Net, $6300. And that's not accounting for state income tax and (possible) penalty.
On the other hand, if you are able to take a loan, no taxes or penalties are assessed. However, you will re-pay that loan (plus interest) with after-tax dollars, not pre-tax. When you withdraw that money later in life at retirement, you will again pay ordinary income taxes on the withdrawn amount. So, there is at least a small element of double-taxation there. |