1. I know I will be found to be at fault. I would like to disagree, especially that I was 100% at fault. I know it will be no use. But, I never gave my version to the officer that day other than to tell him how we were traveling which was all he wanted to know. Should I call him today to let him know my version of the events?
You bear 100% of the fault unless you have independent third party witnesses to the other driver going 60 in a 30 or the other driver admitted to going 60 in a 30. So, no, your version of the events won't matter unless the other driver's behavior can be proven. Without witnesses to the contrary you failed to yield and caused the accident.
2. I have insurance to cover up to 50k in damages and 50k in injuries. Will I be sued for more? Is it likely given the events above?
Possible but not likely. Are you sure about those limits? Look again. The property damage liability limit is usually less that the bodily injury liability limit. Generally written as an amount per person, amount per accident (or occurrence) amount for property damage or a Combined Single Limit of one amount for all three.
3. If I get sued will my spouse, who is the better earner in the family and the one with any assets worth naming, be fair game as far as paying up goes?
A lawsuit is likely name both of you. A judgment will affect both of you. But you are getting ahead of yourself.
PS: not a legal question. But, how much does insurance rate go up after a first accident/claim?
A lot.
Seriously, it varies based on a lot of things. Could be 15% to 50%. Likely closer to 15% but no guarantees. Often can be combined with an across-the-board increase for that insurance company. And it will be for 3 years.