Providing you are in the U.S. and your company is non-union, no, there is no requirement that they call back laid off employees before hiring new employees. Probably for a lower wage, too.
At the time you were laid off, did they indicate to you that you were going to be called back? Sometimes people are laid off in lieu of firing, for any number of reasons. It gets you unemployment insurance without a fight, but you are never guaranteed a recall unless there is a union contract which states the call back and lay off procedures to be followed.