No, there is no definite time frame that constitutes "adequate time" to resolve the issue. Was this an initial decision? If so, you can appeal the decision and request a hearing concerning the denial. Send in your paperwork within the desire framework of time given, that IS a specific number of days that you have to file an appeal. When you file your appeal, you do not need to present your argument, just say "I wish to appeal this decision." When you are in the hearing, then you present your argument that you did give the employer adequate time to resolve the situation before you quit the job. However you wish to present this and make this argument. Be sure that while you are going through the appeal process, you continue to make your weekly certifications for benefits. If the initial decision is overturned in appeal, you will only be paid for these weeks if you have filed for them.
The ajudicator just looks at what you said and what the employer said, and tries to get a feel for whether you made a sincere effort to resolve the issue, and were left with no other alternative than to quit the job. In other words, no matter how long it had been chafing you, it all depends on how you dealt with it. Did you just gripe to others, get mad about it, and then walk in and tell them, "If you do not fix this I'm quitting.....!" and then quit after a week, or did you go to your supervisor, say there was a problem, ask them what they could do, when you might expect to see a resolution, give them a reasonable amount of time to resolve the situation? Before you quit, did you ask again, and then after being told it wasn't going to be fixed, then you quit, or did you just decide to quit because you were tired of waiting? (and of course since we don't have any idea as to what the issue was that caused you to quit, we're all just generalizing here).