| found I found the answer here:
The Retirement Equity Act of 1984 (REA) amended ERISA to require that survivor benefits be paid automatically to a surviving spouse upon the death of the pension participant, unless the spouse consents in writing to an alternate beneficiary. See 29 U.S.C. 1055(c)(2)(A). Because of this mandate and ERISA's antiassignment provision, a pension participant may not unilaterally designate a nonspouse survivor beneficiary during the pendency of a divorce. E.g., Lefkowitz v. Arcadia Trading Benefits Pension Plan, 996 F.2d 600 (2d Cir. 1993); Groh v. Groh, 288 N.J. Super. 321, 672 A.2d 262 (Ch. Div. 1995).
In Lefkowitz v. Arcadia Trading Benefits Pension Plan, supra, the parties were estranged and a divorce was pending when the husband died. The husband had participated in an ERISA-qualified pension and, during the pendency of the divorce, had designated his daughter as the survivor beneficiary. The Second Circuit concluded that, absent a specific and effective waiver, a surviving spouse automatically receives death benefits under an ERISA pension plan regardless of the plan participant's designation of a third-party beneficiary. The legislative history of the REA demonstrated congressional intent to ensure the mandatory application of death benefits to surviving spouses, the court reasoned.
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