... The question I have is about the legal aspect of a recording in Virginia. I really am not as concerned with what people feel about the topic as much as I want to protect the persons who recorded it to see what their kid was complaining about. ...
Here is a link to the Digital Media Law Project's recording laws for Virginia:
http://www.dmlp.org/legal-guide/virginia-recording-law
Here is a link to the Reporters Committee for Freedom of the Press on the recording laws for Virginia:
http://www.rcfp.org/reporters-recording-guide/state-state-guide/virginia
The student who recorded the teacher could have violated the recording laws in Virginia. Although Virginia is considered a "one-party consent" state, and only one person who is participating in a conversation needs to consent to the recording, it sounds as if it was not a conversation between student and teacher that was recorded. It sounds instead that what was recorded was the class as a whole as the teacher taught.
In addition, it could very well be found that, in a classroom, there is an expectation by the speakers in the classroom that their conversations will not be intercepted by others. With this expectation, a recording without the consent of all being recorded could violate Virginia law.
If students or parents have a complaint about a teacher, it seems smart to either speak directly with the teacher about their concerns or speak with the principal. Surreptitious recording of conversations is almost always a bad idea.
I would never discount what a child says about a teacher, even though I believe the majority of teachers deserve gold stars (and higher pay) for doing what most of could never do or, at least, do well.