It might. It might not. There is no one standard "background check" that will always show exactly the same thing. A background check is a deep or as shallow as the employer demands. They can do nothing but check whether you really did work at the last employer you said you did, or they can delve deep enough to find out what grade you got in Fingerpainting when you were in kindergarten. And if by chance they discover that you've lied on your application, you're out before you're in. (Or you're fired, either way.)
Many if not most employers will forgive a single youthful indiscretion. Few if any will forgive being lied to. Are you willing to take the risk?