What is the name of your state? New Jersey
I intend for a running theme to be naming planets after comedians, with the galaxy it takes place in being named for George Carlin. Would calling the series "The Carlin Galaxy" get me into trouble?
Would calling your series and the galaxy, "The Carlin Galaxy" get you in trouble? Probably not.
Naming your series and galaxy after George Carlin might lead to some confusion with
Dan Carlin's "Geek's Guide to the Galaxy," though - which is probably not a major concern but something to check out.
And you need to be careful about using any copyrighted material or trademarks connected with George Carlin (or other comedians) without authorization.
You should have your manuscripts personally reviewed by an IP/publishing law attorney in your area prior to publication to ensure as much as possible that your "galaxy" series does not infringe on any rights (copyrights, trademark rights, publicity/privacy rights). Having insurance enough to cover the cost of a lawsuit should one arise despite your best efforts to avoid one is also wise and advised.
Good luck with your work.