I'll let the HR folks deal with the possible FMLA issues. Meantime, regarding your unemployment hearing, take all your medical paperwork in, showing that you were out due to illness, sought medical attention, are now fully released to return to work. Hopefully you called in and reported that you were going to be absent as required by the employer before that absence. And remember, you MUST be able, available and actively seeking other work to qualify for unemployment, regardless of whether your separation is determined to be for a non disqualifying reason.
So do not bring up anything at all about how you needed to be off work due to health reasons because you were and still are sooo sick, and they wouldn't approve your leave, or how you'd really prefer to work part time because of your health problems at present. Each week that you qualify for benefits, you do so stating that you are able, available and actively seeking other equivalent work. Make sure all that you say reflects you are there. Remember absence due to illness sufficient to need medical attention is considered a situation you could not control, therefore is not misconduct, though the employer is legally entitled to terminate you because of your absences due to illness. But you must be fully released by the physician to return to work to qualify for unemployment.