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Do parents have to be present for statements?

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bigtimeweb

Junior Member
What is the name of your state? COLORADO

Our boy was caught today after another parent saw him and several others at a school bus stop (waiting for the bus for summer school) with several other kids. They were all standing in a circle - some of them smoking ciggarettes, some of them (including my son) smoking pot. A parent saw this going on and called the school with a names of some they recognized.

The school called in the kids who had the names that were given, who gave out other names (my sons).

I get a call from him that I need to come to school because hes in trouble. I get there and they have already had all the kids write out statements of the events that occurred. There was a local city Juvi officer there, who eventually gave him a charge of possesion of paraphenalia (they searched his belongings and found a smoking apparatus), and a charge of 'smoked mari before he went to school'...both of which he openly admitted to in this written statement he was told he had to give.

While I know the penalty in the end is going to be relatively light - he has no priors - I am all in for him gettig his just rewards for his brainchild actions. I'm just sitting here wondering about a few things...

My questions are:
1)Can he give a written statement like that without a parent/guardian figure being notified or present? I don't quite understand why the whole process began before I arrived.

2) Is this statement admissable in a court?

3) Do they have to Miranda him prior to him incriminating himself?

He wrote the statement because hes a compliant person. They said he had to do it so he did it. He had no idea that he could even refuse, or to wait until he had a parent present to speak to anyone....does any 15 year old really know the law like that?!

Hoping someone might be able to give me some insight.

Thanks in advance for your time.
 
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Curt581

Senior Member
bigtimeweb said:
While I know the penalty in the end is going to be relatively light - he has no priors - I am all in for him gettig his just rewards for his brainchild actions. I'm just sitting here wondering about a few things...
If you're all for him getting what he deserves, why even bother asking the following...
My questions are:
1)Can he give a written statement like that without a parent/guardian figure being notified or present? I don't quite understand why the whole process began before I arrived.
Yes, in some states, he can. In addition, if it was on or near school property, different rules apply to students.
2) Is this statement admissable in a court?
Probably, especially if the above rules apply, and this is a CIVIL forfeiture citation.
3) Do they have to Miranda him prior to him incriminating himself?
Usually. They may have done so.
He wrote the statement because hes a compliant person. They said he had to do it so he did it. He had no idea that he could even refuse, or to wait until he had a parent present to speak to anyone....does any 15 year old really know the law like that?!
Chances are, he'd have been facing getting slam-dunked. Cooperating was probably in his best interests, at least as far as expecting the judge giving him the minimums. Personally, I'd be proud of my son if he did what yours did after screwing up like that.

Ask yourself this... Do you really want to teach your son that the first thing he should do is to "lawyer up", and try to avoid taking responsibility for what he did?
 

CdwJava

Senior Member
In my state the school's administrative process would almost certainly require them to provide a written statement to the school officials. Unless the police were directly involved at the outset, Miranda would not apply.

Our school officials take care of their side of things prior to our involvement. It's cleaner that way.

And out here, whether or not a school contacts a parent before talking to them on an incident is a matter of school policy.

- Carl
 

bigtimeweb

Junior Member
Curt581 said:
If you're all for him getting what he deserves, why even bother asking the following...

Geez Curt
Why do I have to defend my desire for information :confused: ! And who said my son even knows that these questions exist in my mind and I'm teaching him to lawyer up?! Hold your horses there Curt. He's in plenty of trouble dont you worry. But his trouble and my quest for knowledge are two seperate entities. Me not seekeing knowledge on a situation Im involved in is all out flat stupid and irresponsible.

Back to Carl......

Carl are those school policies a matter of city law? While I agree it is a much 'cleaner' process for the school officials to gather the information on the incident, Im sort of baffled that they can ask the child to incriminate himself and then hand over that incriminating statement to the police department for charges. It seems like a loophole in civil rights really. In any other circumstance where you were facing charges, an officer would Miranda you. They knew immediately when they brought him in that he would be charged, because of the smoking apparatus they found. At that point I believe he should have been read his rights. In school (yes it was on school grounds) they can force you to make a statement then charge you all without informing you of your rights.

The truth of the matter is that even if he WAS read his rights, AND I was actually allowed to be present for the questioning and request to make a statement, I would have allowed him to make the statement. I believe he did the right thing.....I was really just wondering about the situation and if it was normal. I guess it is. But again I think its a loophole in civil rights. Theres a whole slew of things teens cant do without parental consent...he cant even go on a field trip without my consent, yet it seems he can be interrogated by school officals without parental consent. What about an officer - could you interrogate a minor without a parent being present?
 

CdwJava

Senior Member
bigtimeweb said:
Carl are those school policies a matter of city law?
Polices are, by definition, a matter of policy (i.e. internal rules). Some policies have foundations in state law, but others don't. In my state there is no state law requiring parental notification prior to an interview by school administrators OR the police, and I would be very surprised if there was such a law (at least for administrator interviews) in VA.


While I agree it is a much 'cleaner' process for the school officials to gather the information on the incident, Im sort of baffled that they can ask the child to incriminate himself and then hand over that incriminating statement to the police department for charges.
Because Miranda does not apply to them.


It seems like a loophole in civil rights really. In any other circumstance where you were facing charges, an officer would Miranda you.
Only if both custody AND interrogation were taking place.

Even when the police respond to a call we have the ability to interview a suspect without Miranda. Until custody exists, Miranda does not apply.

But, since the school is not the police, then Miranda is not an issue.

Think of it this way - you are at work and you slug a co-worker. Your employer tells you to fill out a statement of what happened ... He can even threaten to fire you if you don't fill it out! If you complete it and admit to slugging the coworker it can be used against you in an internal process OR by the police. If you choose NOT to complete it, you can be fired.

In a school the same thing holds true. They ask students to complete incident reports as per their policy. If a student fails to complete such a report they can be disciplined for failure to obey school authorities (or the equivalent Education Code or school policy violation).


They knew immediately when they brought him in that he would be charged, because of the smoking apparatus they found. At that point I believe he should have been read his rights.
The law doesn't agree with what you "feel" on the matter. Sorry.


In school (yes it was on school grounds) they can force you to make a statement then charge you all without informing you of your rights.
That's because they do not have to advise people of their rights - they are not law enforcement.

Also, schools have very broad control over children in schools per en loco parentis (I think I have the term correct) which effectively grants them temporary guardianship over your child while at the school ... they act in your stead in many areas. So, it is often seen as being akin to a parent demanding their child write down what they did.

Personally, my child would be far more afraid of what I would do to him then what the shool or the justice system might ... I KNOW what the justice system would do, and it ain't NEAR what I would do!


I was really just wondering about the situation and if it was normal. I guess it is. But again I think its a loophole in civil rights.
It is normal, and it's not really a loophole. The state isn't going to compel non-law enforcement agencies to act as law enforcement agencies and abide by all the same rules as that would be unfeasable.


Theres a whole slew of things teens cant do without parental consent...he cant even go on a field trip without my consent, yet it seems he can be interrogated by school officals without parental consent.
In most states a child can get an abortion (a medical surgical procedure) without parental consent, yet they cannot get a band-aid or aspirin without permission ... go figure.

Field trips are a liability issue - your child can get physically hurt or ill. Asking him to write a statement has the same physical risk as doing a work assignment at his desk.


What about an officer - could you interrogate a minor without a parent being present?
Absolutely. There are a few states that require parental notification prior to a police interview ... or so I am led to believe. Mine is not one of them.

However, there are some school districts that will notify the parents when the police come to interview a child in an incident where the parent is NOT a suspect in the incident.

- Carl
 

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