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lowenstat

Member
California.

I resell electronic items. I use online advertising using my own pictures I have taken of the products. These pictures do have the manufactures logo on the box and product of course. In some pictures I have now even removed the logo.

The ads come in two flavors. One is a straight resell. The other is where we modify the equipment with a larger hard drive in a cable tv show receiver and resell it at a higher cost.

Can the manufacture/TM owner of the trademark stop me from reselling their product becuase I am showing their logo? Because I am modifying their product?

Does the TM owner have the right to stop me from reselling or do I have a right to resell any product as long as I am not degrading their name or product?

Can a TM owner stop me from selling the 2 products while allowing several others to do it for over 8 years now in the exact same fashion. Is there some sort of fair use/reseller laws on products?

Thanks
 
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divgradcurl

Senior Member
Can the manufacture/TM owner of the trademark stop me from reselling their product becuase I am showing their logo? Because I am modifying their product?
The answer is "it depends." If you are using the trademark is a "purely descriptive" sense, then that is a fair use of the trademark, and is okay.

As far as modification goes, this is a trickier issue. In general, the "first sale doctrine" allows one to freely resell something which they obtained through legal channels (the first legal sale "exhausts" the right's holders right to control further distribution). Selling a modified product, however, may be more problematic.

The problem is this -- once you modify the product, can the rights holder be certain that your modifications won't decrease the reliability of their product, or change the interoperability, or whatever? In other words, is the rights holder at risk that someone might buy your modified product, thinking that it is covered by the original warranty, or is otherwise authorized by or endorsed by the rights holder?

Your best bet here might be to talk with a local trademark attorney, who can review all of the facts of your situation and advise you accordingly.

Now, if you were to buy a product, modify it, and sell it WITHOUT using the original manufacturer's name, then that almost certainly WOULD be legal under the first sale doctrine. But piggybacking on the original trademark may well result in trademark infringement.

Does the TM owner have the right to stop me from reselling or do I have a right to resell any product as long as I am not degrading their name or product?
That's generally the case, but see above with respect to "degrading their name or product."

Can a TM owner stop me from selling the 2 products while allowing several others to do it for over 8 years now in the exact same fashion. Is there some sort of fair use/reseller laws on products?
If you are infringing, they can stop you. There is no requirement that they treat every person in the same way, they can single you out.

All that said, if you are selling on eBay or a similar site, they have their own rules that are generally more rights-holder friendly than are the actual trademark laws -- but since it's a private company, they are free to have more restrictive rules, and there isn't really anything you can do about it.

It sounds like you have already been stopped -- this is a good time to talk with an attorney to see how you can continue to sell your products without running afoul of the trademark holders.
 

lowenstat

Member
" If you are using the trademark is a "purely descriptive" sense, then that is a fair use of the trademark, and is okay. "

Can you describe 'purely descriptive' as it relates to a title listing, text in the ad or a picture in the ad? Does this mean that can not stop you from using it as such no matter what - or they can always make something up?

The reply so far from the company X is that I am not an authorized dealer and some other cut and past fluff including cease and desist, etc. They dont even mention modifications.

I have several types of items I am selling.

1 - Units bought, modified and resold.

2 - Kits, which do not include the units, for others to modify the units that the customer owns. Parts in the kits are not owned/created by company x. But the kis it for company X's product so I have to describe the ad like that.

3 - A service in which customer sends me the units and parts and we modify it for them. I have to use company X's name to describe what the service is for.

In cases 2 and 3 I do not yet see how I am infringing. In case 1 you are saying if they say its bad for the product somehow then its a problem for them.

I did not know I have rights to sell anything I want as a straight resell without permission. They are acting like I must be an authorized vendor.

I'm concerned about fairnesss if they are allowed to target anyone without some diligence of stopping others. I would have to think it should come into play somehow, however small.

The advertising company I use has a policy of stopping ads right at the moment of complaint - almost push button. Company X however must submitt a form that the advertising company considers legal complaint signed digitally under penalty of pergury. Well, if I push the issues then the ad agency says they will force company X to get a court order to stop me.

If that happens will I be involved in being able to speak to the judge to present my side?

Do they have to prove anything or just show that I am selling their product?

Can it be a blanket court order or is it for each ad they want to stop?

Do I have any recourse for the ads they stopped and will stop for which I am only selling a service of modifications to their units or the ads that sell the parts not owned by company X but its for company X's product?

Should I push them to get a court order to make them show their side/case/facts or once they get that I'm dead in the water and it was a bad move?

You mentioned selling their product after the mods but stripping off their brand name. Does that mean not using their name at all? Its a cable tv box so customers wouldnt even know what service to subscribe to and when they received it they would see the name brand, packaings and directions all with the name of company x. Is there a way around this such as using the model number but not the company name? If you could provide an idea I can keep looking into it further.

If there are any ideas you have that I'm not thinking about then please let me know. I can tell this will be an ongoing process for me but I will not stop until I have a solution. That soulution very well might be just selling the service and the kits if that is not violating their rights.
 

divgradcurl

Senior Member
" If you are using the trademark is a "purely descriptive" sense, then that is a fair use of the trademark, and is okay. "

Can you describe 'purely descriptive' as it relates to a title listing, text in the ad or a picture in the ad? Does this mean that can not stop you from using it as such no matter what - or they can always make something up?
If you are selling an IBM PC, you can call it an IBM PC in your advertising,because it IS an IBM PC. You cannot say something is "like" an IBM PC, you can't use "IBM PC" in your title when you are selling something other than an IBM PC. Whether or not you can use "IBM PC" to sell a part that is compatible, well, that my require a more detailed look at the way the term is being used.

The reply so far from the company X is that I am not an authorized dealer and some other cut and past fluff including cease and desist, etc. They dont even mention modifications.

I have several types of items I am selling.

1 - Units bought, modified and resold.

2 - Kits, which do not include the units, for others to modify the units that the customer owns. Parts in the kits are not owned/created by company x. But the kis it for company X's product so I have to describe the ad like that.

3 - A service in which customer sends me the units and parts and we modify it for them. I have to use company X's name to describe what the service is for.

In cases 2 and 3 I do not yet see how I am infringing. In case 1 you are saying if they say its bad for the product somehow then its a problem for them.
Do they have a patent?

As for 2 and 3, you really need someone to take a look at exactly how you are marketing these kits and services. For example, saying you have a kit that works on an IBM PC is different from titling the kit "IBM PC Upgrade Kit" and splashing the IBM logo all over the ad. There just really isn't any "bright line" rule that says this is okay and that isn't -- you need to look at all of the facts of the situation to really come up with an accurate assessment of the possibility of liability.

I did not know I have rights to sell anything I want as a straight resell without permission. They are acting like I must be an authorized vendor.
That's not exactly correct -- maybe I should have been more clear in my previous post. From a trademark perspective, the "first sale" generally must be a retail sale. If you are purchasing these devices wholesale, oftentimes you must be an authorized vendor to obtain the devices at wholesale prices, and thereby agree to certain restrictions. If you obtained these devices outside of normal retail channels, the trademark holder MAY be able to assert some rights -- again, this would require an assessment of all of the facts of your current situation, which is why I suggested an attorney.

I'm concerned about fairnesss if they are allowed to target anyone without some diligence of stopping others. I would have to think it should come into play somehow, however small.
How do you know the others haven't been targeted? Maybe they've already come to some sort of agreement. Maybe you are the first, and they will go after the others later?

Look at this from another perspective -- do you feel that it is unfair when someone else gets stopped for speeding when you don't?

The advertising company I use has a policy of stopping ads right at the moment of complaint - almost push button. Company X however must submitt a form that the advertising company considers legal complaint signed digitally under penalty of pergury. Well, if I push the issues then the ad agency says they will force company X to get a court order to stop me.

If that happens will I be involved in being able to speak to the judge to present my side?
Yes and maybe. The trademark holder will need to file a lawsuit before anything happens, and you will be able (actually required) to either answer the complaint, or file a motion to dismiss. Assuming you answer (or the motion to dismiss is denied), the trademark holder could potentially file for a temporary restraining order -- which is done WITHOUT your input -- but shortly thereafter the TRO would need to be converted to a preliminary injunction, in which case you would get to oppose any preliminary injunction. After that, it's pretty much just like any other court case.

Either the TRO -- if granted, or the preliminary injunction -- if granted, is the "court order" that is what your agency is talking about.

Do they have to prove anything or just show that I am selling their product?
Of course they have to prove stuff. Preliminary injunctions are a 4-factor test, you can look it up on google or whatever, TRO's also have an "immediacy" requirement in addition to the test for an injunction.

Can it be a blanket court order or is it for each ad they want to stop?
Depends on the circumstance. The court can issue a "blanket order" depending on the facts and the evidence in support of the order.

Do I have any recourse for the ads they stopped and will stop for which I am only selling a service of modifications to their units or the ads that sell the parts not owned by company X but its for company X's product?
You could certainly ask for such relief in your answer to the complaint.

Should I push them to get a court order to make them show their side/case/facts or once they get that I'm dead in the water and it was a bad move?
Do you want to go to court over this? You really need to sit down with an attorney, who can figure out what exposure you might have, and then you can decide how to proceed.

You mentioned selling their product after the mods but stripping off their brand name. Does that mean not using their name at all? Its a cable tv box so customers wouldnt even know what service to subscribe to and when they received it they would see the name brand, packaings and directions all with the name of company x. Is there a way around this such as using the model number but not the company name? If you could provide an idea I can keep looking into it further.
That is an issue. The problem here is that if I sell you an IBM PC that I have mucked around with, and the PC doesn't work like you expect, and you call IBM for service and they say "no" because the PC has been altered, and you get pissed off at IBM -- well, that's what the trademark holder is entitled to avoid under trademark law.

The fact that this makes your job hard is really irrelevant. You don't have a right to sell modified cable boxes (are you sure what you are doing is even legal? http://www.pirateboxblues.com/).

If you want to go forward with this venture, you really need to sit down with an attorney, who can review all of the relevant facts in your case, and advise you accordingly.

If there are any ideas you have that I'm not thinking about then please let me know. I can tell this will be an ongoing process for me but I will not stop until I have a solution. That soulution very well might be just selling the service and the kits if that is not violating their rights.
See above. Talk to a lawyer. There are so many fact-based nuances here, it just really isn't possible to give you a specific answer to your questions.
 

lowenstat

Member
Thanks for everyones time to reply. I appreciate everyones insite. It is helping me get a handle on this to understand the process a bit. The replies are really helpful to me.

And general ideas is fine. Every situation is complicated. I am not acting directly on the ideas. I am just geetting rid of the dumb factor on the subject before I do anything.

The upgrade is simply a hard drive replacement. It goes from the original hard drive to a bigger hard drive. That is it. Nothing else. No patents on the kit. No special parts. Hard drives are not created or owned by company x.

Company X equipment is bought retail. Never wholesale. I even pay taxes on it. If I got a reseller license then I could get it for no taxes but that is still not wholesale prices I hope.

No piracy involed. The mod cosnists of replacing the hard drive with a larger hard drive. It is unplugged using standard cables. No soldering etc.

Possibly the fact that other companies perform this mod, authorized and unauthorized, can show that it does no harm - given how simple and widespead it is as well as its been going on for over 8+ years.

I can see that modifying company X's units is the trickiest case for me based on what I have seen. I will focus for now on the case of offering the hard drive upgrade service and hard drive upgrade kits instead. I will figure out along the way if modifying the units will be possible but it wil not be my focus.

Let me ask these questions:

What problems could I have from company x offering the service only? Service including the hard drive?

I most defintely do not plaster their name all over. I use it as a description only. Not flaunting it or trying to represent my ad as if it is theirs. It used to show in the pictures I took on the packaging but I have even taken that off as well not knowing what the problem is. The ads if I started them back up would be more toward "hard drive upgrade service for company x's cable box model xyz123".

Based on everything you know is there even a fair use or first sale doctrine for me at all. Company x prodcuts are bought local to me in the usa. I am getting the feeling I have no rights to do anything if company x does not want it for whatever reason. I just need to focus on not using the company x product - just the mod service and also the mod sevice with a hard drive.

--------------------
As for a PI:

In most courts in the United States, the party seeking the preliminary injunction must demonstrate all four things together:

1 - That there is a substantial likelihood of success on the merits of the case,
2 - That they face a substantial threat of irreparable damage or injury if the injunction is not granted,
3 - That the balance of harms weighs in favor of the party seeking the preliminary injunction
4 - That the grant of an injunction would not disserve the public interest.
The "balance of harms" refers to the threatened injury to the party seeking the preliminary injunction as compared to the harm that the other party may suffer from the injunction.

From my perspective, which is obviously limited, I would be amazed if they could prove my 0, 1 or 2 units a week is a substantial threat of irreparable damage - however that could just be a legal thing that is easy to show but sounds harsh from a non attorney point of view. I could show a balance of harms if it was my only income - maybe. Doesn't matter, I don't need to keep selling until this gets worked out and I am mostly confident that what I will do is right. #1 is what I'm at this site to hear about. #4 is silly for this case and will be in their favor. Although if getting the product at a cheaper price serves the public interest then I win that one.
-------

Anyway, I would like to focus on how to sell without using their actual product. It cuts down my workload and risk (legal risk too now) a great deal. Question is can I use their descriptive name to sell - I think so if done right and am I allowed to sell hard drives for the purpose of other people upgrading the equipment themselves. Or is that me helping support a infringment - doubt it. And lastly, there is me providing the sevice if they send me the unit. Guess that would be a question of is the act of upgrading a customers unit sent to me illegal or infringment - right now I doubt it. I will wait to hear from the experts of course.
 
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divgradcurl

Senior Member
What problems could I have from company x offering the service only? Service including the hard drive?
Same problems you are having now -- they could try and threaten you (or sue you) for infringement.

I most defintely do not plaster their name all over. I use it as a description only. Not flaunting it or trying to represent my ad as if it is theirs. It used to show in the pictures I took on the packaging but I have even taken that off as well not knowing what the problem is. The ads if I started them back up would be more toward "hard drive upgrade service for company x's cable box model xyz123".
That sounds like it might be a "fair use" of the trademark. But remember, fair use is a defense to an infringement action, not a right that you can assert up front to forestall an infringement action.

Based on everything you know is there even a fair use or first sale doctrine for me at all. Company x prodcuts are bought local to me in the usa. I am getting the feeling I have no rights to do anything if company x does not want it for whatever reason. I just need to focus on not using the company x product - just the mod service and also the mod sevice with a hard drive.
May be fair use, but you would need to really sit down an investigate all of the facts to know for sure. Same issue with first sale.

--------------------
As for a PI:

In most courts in the United States, the party seeking the preliminary injunction must demonstrate all four things together:

1 - That there is a substantial likelihood of success on the merits of the case,
2 - That they face a substantial threat of irreparable damage or injury if the injunction is not granted,
3 - That the balance of harms weighs in favor of the party seeking the preliminary injunction
4 - That the grant of an injunction would not disserve the public interest.
The "balance of harms" refers to the threatened injury to the party seeking the preliminary injunction as compared to the harm that the other party may suffer from the injunction.

From my perspective, which is obviously limited, I would be amazed if they could prove my 0, 1 or 2 units a week is a substantial threat of irreparable damage - however that could just be a legal thing that is easy to show but sounds harsh from a non attorney point of view. I could show a balance of harms if it was my only income - maybe. Doesn't matter, I don't need to keep selling until this gets worked out and I am mostly confident that what I will do is right. #1 is what I'm at this site to hear about. #4 is silly for this case and will be in their favor. Although if getting the product at a cheaper price serves the public interest then I win that one.
-------
Irreperable harm in trademark usually refers to the reputation of the company, and yeah, even a few units that someone gets pissed over and puts up a website slagging the company can be sufficient to show "irreprable harm" potentially.

You won't win on public interest. Nobody ever does in an IP case. If it is two companies in a lawsuit, the "public interest" is in preserving the law, not anything else. Remember, these injunction standards apply to all facets of the law, not just IP.

TRO's and preliminary injunctions are pretty commonly granted in trademark cases if the mark holder can prove that they own a registered trademark.

Anyway, I would like to focus on how to sell without using their actual product. It cuts down my workload and risk (legal risk too now) a great deal. Question is can I use their descriptive name to sell - I think so if done right and am I allowed to sell hard drives for the purpose of other people upgrading the equipment themselves. Or is that me helping support a infringment - doubt it. And lastly, there is me providing the sevice if they send me the unit. Guess that would be a question of is the act of upgrading a customers unit sent to me illegal or infringment - right now I doubt it. I will wait to hear from the experts of course.
Here's the thing -- you can't keep someone from suing you. If these guys have a hard-on for you, and are determined to stop you, well, the only thing you can do is fight 'em in court. Your best bet -- seriously -- is to sit down with a local IP attorney, who can review all of the facts of your situation and advise you accordingly. Yeah, you can go and inform yourself on law and procedure, but from my perspective, what you really need is to sit down with someone who can impartially review the situation and help decide if you have a reason to stand your ground or not.
 

lowenstat

Member
Attorney will be consulted shortly. No doubt and I agree.

I do not know if a company x, whoever it is, if they are acting reasonable, would want to bring suit against me if I am not selling their product anymore. Instead, I'm only selling what many other people and comanies are selling, including some of their vendors. It is on large scale.

No one knows what their intent is so I am asking if you would advise your company x client to continue with a suit against someone not selling your product in the fashion I have been describing and to the degree I have described?
 

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