First, you need to understand that the debtor is under NO obligation to accept any payment plan offered by you. They feel that they already have/had a payment plan (based on your initial agreement) and didn't comply.
With that out of the way, here are some random thoughts:
1) Your initial post seems to imply that the creditor has threatened you with specific action ("I'm sure they will try (and succeed) on garnishing my wages"). A debt collector or creditor CANNOT garnish your wages without a court judgment first, and any threats of doing so without a judgment is illegal under FEDERAL law (the FDCPA, Fair Debt Collections Practices Act, copy at
http://www.ftc.gov/ ). So, if they don't have a judgment against you, get rid of that concern.
2) You asked, "Will I have the oppertunity to make more affordable payment arrangement with either the debt collectors attorney or the judge?". If you are asking will the court set a payment plan, the answer is 'maybe'. Some courts (I don't know in RI) have the power to set payment plans in their order. I would suggest you call the RI courts and ask if this is within their jurisdiction.
3) Even if the creditor takes you to court and gets a judgment, you can still negotiate a settlement.