I have been told that when I inherit the business I will immediately owe 40% [or whatever the % will be then] to the state. If I can't pay for it and I can't sell the business to pay the estate taxes will I lose the business to the state?
Ok, slow down here. You are talking about inheritance taxes (state) or estate taxes (federal).
I doubt very much if any state has a 40% inheritance tax. Also, federal estate taxes only kick in after a certain amount, and many state inheritance taxes only kick in after a certain amount as well. We don't know what that amount will be at the time that you inherit, but I think that you can count on it being at least somewhere in the neighborhood of 1 million dollars on a federal level.
I also suspect that whoever you will be inheriting from is doing some estate planning as well.
Get yourself a consult with a local tax professional to get a better idea of what you will be facing...however, its very unlikely that its anywhere near 40%.