1. O.k. maybe not always, 99.9% of the time. as you pointed out, minors, people on d.u.i. probation. I've never heard of an officer not giving a pbt because it might skew their opinion. It's simply hard to swallow.No, he doesn't "always" have one, and, no the arrest is not (or SHOULD NOT) be based upon that test. In fact, I do NOT use it in the FSTs simply to avoid the perception that it might have skewed my opinion. If I cannot determine that a person is impaired based upon my evaluation, than I need to go back for better training. I carry the PBT because, sometimes, it may be the only test available, or, in the case of minors or persons on DUI probation, they could be required to take the PBT in the field. The PBT is only one of the FSTs, it is not a test to establish the BAC of the driver. And, in the case of a drug DUI, it is pretty much worthless accept to rule out the presence of alcohol.
A refusal to blow into a field PBT is not a crime ... at least I don't know of any state where it is.
I can honestly say it doesn't make any difference to me or the officers I know. An Adam Henry can wear a suit or blue jeans, and a guy who is polite can be dressed either way as well. His money doesn't concern me, his attitude and inebriation does.
No, I can do those tests that are accepted and that the local prosecutor is willing to defend. If I make someone do hand and palm flipping and recite the alphabet, those are grand, but they are not standardized field sobriety tests, and I cannot support them in court. In some cases they might be effective on a video to show that someone is either uncoordinated or illiterate, but they cannot legally establish impairment on their own.
If you say so. I testify as to what I observe. I also make notes on my observations. And, there is often video of the procedure - at least audio even if the video is not clear due to angle or darkness.
Better spent on what? Sorry, but taking impaired drivers off the road and saving lives is money WELL spent. Period. Some states - Colorado, in particular, is spending even MORE money right now because of the problems that stoned drivers are now placing upon the police and the justice system there. We will soon see it out here as well.
This planet. Earth. California, in particular. I've done i, other officers do it, it happens. All because you don't see it doesn't mean it doesn't happen. True, most people evaluated are arrested ... not because the officer is making it up, but because the officer has observed the objective signs of impairment.
I can think of quite a few ... but, I live in a small county and know a great many of the people here. If you asked me if I had any friends or family memebrs that were released after an FST, I'd have to say "no" ... but, then, they were all impaired and admittedly so, so I would expect them to be arrested.
The police tend to evaluate people that seem impaired, it's not random.
I suspect I read far more police reports than you do. With only two exceptions have I ever read reports where the articulated observations were clearly exaggerations or at least left that impression.
And what kind of "physical evidence" would you be willing to tolerate? How invasive do you want it to be? Roadside blood tests on suspicion alone? Urine tests? Mandatory breath, blood or urine upon contact?
An arrest must be based upon articulated probable cause. That probable cause is established based upon the officer's observations from before the stop, through the contact and into the arrest.
I can't speak to every situation everywhere, but, I can say I have never seen or heard of this, and I have certainly never instructed this.
I have yet to see a video that reflects odor, nystagmus, skin temperature and tone, etc. Are you aware of any camera that does this?
Many years ago, I'd say that you might be right. But, the reticence was rarely in order to perpetuate malfeasance, but reflected a lack of trust in the administration. There was and is a fear that video will be randomly reviewed to find reasons to discipline officers and that some officers who run afoul of an administration for political reasons might find their videos being scrutinized more frequently in others in order to find issues to use for discipline. There are also legal questions involved such as videos revealing personal information of people NOT related to the case. Personal identification info comes over the radio of others people involved and that can result in issues - which is why the CHP will often not release MVARS video in discovery without a court order, but WILL allow people to review them at the office.
The same fear came about a couple decades ago when GPS devices were put onto cars. In one rural county the Sheriff started reviewing the driving patterns of his officers, and officers got written up for speed. So, the deputies started traveling only at the speed limit and response times to calls rose from about 20 minutes to nearly 40. The Sheriff then backed away from random reviews, and only would review these records when they became an issue. A similar fear existed early on with body cameras. For the most part, that reluctance has given way to more reasonable policies for the use and review of cameras. For instance, my department used to have a "shall use" policy for cameras and the fear was what happened if the camera malfunctioned or the officer forgot to turn it on? The last thing we wanted was an officer to be thinking of turning on his camera when he should be thinking tactically in an unfolding event, or, that he might get in trouble if the camera died or did not record. This had to be addressed before officers became comfortable with them.
See above.
2. I didn't mean the pbt, I meant the test at the station. To refuse that in my state is a refusal and is a crime and people are rarely if ever convicted of both a d.u.i. and a refusal even if they refuse. They plead guilty to the refusal and the d.u.i is dropped. But, as in many situations when overcharging people to make the states case or plea position stronger they are still charged even though they know it will be dropped to force them to plead to the refusal.
3. Well, if you draw no conclusion from a persons appearance you are truly impartial and should consider a judgeship.
4. The alphabet recital is standard d.u.i. protocol in my state, but the breath test results are always of interest. In my state it's rare for a conviction with no b.a.c.
5. I'm sure you do testify when needed, but really Carl how many cases get that far? Very,very few percentage wise.
6. Money can be spent on many things that weould be better than something that may have a negative consequence. How about an actual victim of a crime? Food, military, infrastructure. I thought I was keeping up on the Co,orado situation and I have yet to hear that stoned drivers have caused a problem. How is it now a problem but was not in the past? After the legalization passed, every smoker decided to get stoned and drive down the street?
7. One or two suspected drivers may have been released but again I,ve never heard of it and almost never happens. How do you know he observed or didn't observe impairment?
8. Carl, in all your years you only saw two reports that were clearly exaggerations? I call b.s. That's a ridiculous statement. I have never ever seen a report that reflected the complete truth. Ever. Cops don't lie? I fear you maybe losing touch with reality.
9. Not invasive at all. A pdf is the most portable somewhat reliable single thing that may relay a reliable result. Even that is not reliable enough to be admitted in court. It's just enough for an arrest. That's the problem with only testimony. The defendant is impaired if the officer says he is, regardless if it's true or not. You cannot defend against a lie.
10. Come on Carl! Now you've never heard of an officer embellishing a little (lie) in his report to strengthen the states case. Again, b.s. That's just ridiculous. I find it hard to believe anyone would believe this. Another officer may support and reiterate your statement but that's the whole blue wall thing.
11. A camera may not reflect odor and skin temperature? Who cares. That's not i9mpairment, that's odor and skin temperature. Even if this were accurate, what could it hurt. Let a second set of eyes review the footage just to make sure no mistakes were made. I mean we are talking about peoples lives and all the other family and friends this effects. What could this hurt? I think I know the answer. What about the few states that made it a felony to tape police? I wonder if it was odor and skin temperature they were worried about? Why the secrecy if they are being honest and honorable.1
12.So an officer does not want a body camera because an administration officer may scrutinize the video. Maybe he has reason to. If the officer is not breaking the law or policy or both than what is therer to be worried about. Let them scrutinize away. The administration is officers sand since we now know they don't embellish or blatantly lie, An officer being scrutinized should get a good nights sleep.
What about a citizen protecting his rights with a camera. That is the bigger issue here right? So the cop may be worried about the footage, so let's not give innocent people proof of innocence so the officer does not have to go through the inconvenience of being scrutinized? really? This is supposed to be a government for the people not a government for officer comfort.
13. I nor anyone I know has never been able to get footage of their arrest even when there were several cars there all equipped withj video technology. Some were off some were broken. I do not believe not one worked. You of course will support this, somehow sighting officer safety.