First, I want to say again that CatugalCats/he absolutely should contact the EEOC. One should take anonymous Internet advice with much more than just a grain of salt, and I hope any poster considers the information offered here as nothing more than a starting reference for his own research, and a general idea of what he might expect.
So, okay, CatugalCat, let's put aside the fact that you quit since nobody is going to change their opinion of whether or not that's an important factor.
It is not enough to assert that both you and the Hawaiian wanted the same thing, and he got it and you didn't. It's also not enough to assert that he got rehired because he's Hawaiian. If it gets that far (and I'm going to say one more time that it won't), in response to your claim of illegal discrimination, your employer need only articulate a non-discriminatory reason for their decision. They do not have to provide evidence of their decision's legitimacy. The burden will be on you to contradict that response and you're going to have to be able to back up that contradiction.
In other words: when you say "XYZ Company didn't rehire me because I'm not Hawaiian", they're going to say "That's not correct. We didn't rehire him because _________." Only you have any way of knowing what might fill in that blank. Whatever it is, you're going to have to successfully contradict it. Can the employer respond that in spite of the indication of unreliability due to his quitting, there were superseding factors that made the Hawaiian a desireable--and therefore, rehireable--employee? By their standards, not yours. Can the employer respond that, in spite of their proven willingness to rehire employees who have quit, there were superseding factors that made you undesireable as a re-hire? By their standards, not yours.
I don't like going around in circles and since there's nothing more I can say without repeating myself, that's it for me. But I do want to say don't be confused by the differing opinions and disagreements as to what is "correct" you see here. These kinds of arguments are pretty much how any case plays out. Perhaps you'll have better luck this time than you had with your other EEOC claim four years ago when they ruled you did not have a case. And although you were fired for failing a drug test in 2004, you went on to find other employment, so that worked out for you okay. Maye this one will work out for you, too.
Have a safe Memorial Day weekend, everyone.