When "Fault" Matters
A trial court may consider "fault" issues when dividing the marital assets, or when assessing spousal support (alimony). Please note that under most "fault" circumstances, the trial court will not dramatically change the division of assets. With most marital estates, you will need to consider whether a five or ten percent difference in the property division justifies the expense and conflict associated with attempting to prove fault. There is often a better financial return in making sure that all assets are located, properly valued, and included in the marital estate, as opposed to trying to prove fault.
Please note that while the five or ten percent difference is most typical, in extreme cases courts have been known to award larger amounts, and on at least one occasion even the entire marital estate, to the wronged spouse. Your attorney can help you make the assessment of what is likely to happen in your case, and whether you would benefit from trying to make fault an issue.
Division of Property
The first consideration for a court in evaluating the division of the marital estate is the determination of which portions of the estate constitute the parties' separate property, and which is part of the marital estate. By way of example, inheritances are usually considered to be the separate property of the spouse who received the inheritance. Similarly, a business or asset owned prior to the marriage may be considered to be a separate asset, depending upon how it was treated during the marriage. At times, an item of property might be deemed to be "separate property", while the appreciation or interest earned by the asset is considered to be a marital asset. At other times, a parties separate property at the onset of the marriage may be deemed to have merged into the marital estate. Also, a trial court may invade one spouse's separate property when necessary to provide for the adequate post-divorce support of the other spouse.
Factors to be considered by the trial court when dividing the marital estate include:
The parties' past relations and conduct;
The duration of the marriage;
The source of property;
The parties' contribution towards its acquisition;
The needs of the parties;
The parties' earning ability;
The cause for divorce;
The age of the parties;
The parties' health;
The parties' life status;
Necessities and circumstances of the parties;
General principles of equity (fairness); and
Additional factors deemed relevant to a particular case.
Spousal Support (Alimony)
An award of spousal support is ordinarily made within the context of the division of the parties' property and assets. Under appropriate circumstances, a trial court may provide for temporary spousal support while a divorce case is pending, or may order support to be paid retroactive to the date the complaint for divorce was filed. A spousal support award may take into consideration the amount of marital estate, and whether one of the spouses will have to liquidate assets awarded in the divorce in order to maintain a reasonable lifestyle. Where one spouse has sufficient income to preserve his or her share of the property settlement and the other does not, spousal support may be appropriate.
Spousal support is usually awarded either in the form of periodic payments or "in gross" (in a lump sum). Periodic payments are usually described as "rehabilitative" (short-term payments to help the recipient spouse get back on his or her feet), or permanent (ordinarily lasting until death, remarriage, or further order of the court). Awards of periodic alimony are normally subject to subsequent modification by the court, whereas awards of alimony in gross ordinarily cannot be modified after judgment.
Factors to be considered by a trial court in awarding spousal support include:
Past relations and conduct of parties;
Length of the marriage;
Age of the parties;
Ability to work;
Present situation of parties;
Needs of the parties;
Health of the parties;
Ability to pay alimony;
Source and amount of property awarded the parties;
Prior standard of living of the parties and whether either is responsible for the support of others; and
General principles of equity (fairness)
There are at least two sets of unofficial spousal support guidelines available in Michigan. Courts will usually entertain calculations made under the guidelines, but the guidelines are not binding on the court.