I'm sorry for your loss.
It would be pointless to pass a law to "protect" us from the mistakes of others. We are all human, even doctors, and we all make mistakes, even doctors. No law can ever change that.
But I think what you are really asking is, can the doctor who made the mistake be held liable for it? That's not a question a message board can answer. As stealth indicated, you or the next of kin if you are not, would need to put the full facts, including your friend's medical records, in front of a medical malpractice attorney, who can review the specifics.
BTW, the doctor is not going to go to jail. Even if found liable, med mal is a civil rather than a criminal issue. I know you didn't ask that, but I'm sure it's at the back of your mind.